8 Common Health and Safety Risks in the Workplace

Understanding Workplace Risks 

Before we dive in, let’s clarify what we mean by “risk” in the workplace. A risk is the potential for harm or adverse health effects on employees exposed to a hazard in the work environment. It’s the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury, illness, or damage to property. 

8 Common Health and Safety Hazards in the Workplace 

1. Slips, Trips, and Falls 

These are among the most prevalent health and safety issues at work. According to the most recent HSE statistics, 179,520 people were injured by slips, trips and falls in the period 2022-2023. These kinds of accidents can occur due to wet floors, uneven surfaces, poor lighting, or obstacles in walkways.  

Injuries Caused by Trips, Slips and Falls 

Let’s break down some common types of injuries caused by trips, slips, and falls: 

• Fractures and Broken Bones  

• Most common in wrists, arms, ankles, and hips 

• Sprains and Strains  

• Affected areas: Ankles, wrists, knees, and back muscles 

• Head Injuries  

• Types: Concussions, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) 

• Symptoms: Headaches, dizziness, confusion, memory problems 

• Back and Spinal Cord Injuries  

• Types: Herniated discs, spinal fractures, spinal cord damage 

• Long-term impact: May result in permanent disability 

• Shoulder Injuries  

• Types: Dislocations, rotator cuff tears 

• Knee Injuries  

• Types: Ligament tears (ACL, MCL), meniscus damage 

• Caused by: Twisting motions during falls 

• Hip Injuries  

• Particularly serious in older workers 

• Types: Hip fractures, dislocations 

• Soft Tissue Injuries  

• Types: Bruises, sprains, and strains to muscles, tendons, and ligaments 

• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion 

Causes of slips, trips and falls: 

• Wet or oily surfaces. 

• Occasional spills. 

• Weather hazards (rain, sleet, ice, snow). 

• Loose, unanchored rugs or mats. 

• Flooring or other walking surfaces that do not have the same degree of traction in all areas. 

 

How to Prevent Trips, Slips and Falls in the Workplace? 

Regular risk assessments and employee training are crucial in minimising these hazards in the workplace. 

• Ensure proper housekeeping – maintain a clean and clutter-free environment 

• Use non-slip flooring 

• Provide adequate lighting, especially on handrails and guardrails where necessary 

• Mark changes in floor elevation 

• Ensure that your staff wear appropriate footwear 

 

 

2. Ergonomic Hazards

With the rise of office work, ergonomic hazards have become increasingly common. Ergonomic injuries in the workplace, also known as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), are injuries or disorders that affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system. These injuries typically result from workplace conditions or tasks that force the body to work outside its natural movements and positions. According to the HSE, this also applies to employees who might be working from home.  

Causes of Ergonomic Injuries 

• Repetitive motions such as performing the same movement over and over, usually like typing or assembly line work. 

• Awkward postures that place stress on the body, like bending, reaching overhead, or twisting. 

• Maintaining static postures for long periods, such as sitting at a desk. 

• Resting wrists on the sharp edge of a desk while typing. 

• Using vibrating tools or driving vehicles over rough terrain. 

• Working in very cold environments can increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. 

How to Prevent Ergonomic Injuries in the Workplace? 

• Ensure proper setup of desks, chairs, and computer equipment. 

• Vary tasks to reduce repetitive motions. 

• Use tools designed to reduce strain on the body. 

• Educate employees on proper posture and body mechanics. 

• Encourage short, frequent breaks to stretch and change positions. 

• Implement workplace exercise programs to improve strength and flexibility. 

• Conduct regular assessments to identify and address potential ergonomic hazards. 

 

3. Electrical Hazards

Electrical hazards are dangerous conditions where contact with electrical energy can result in electric shock, burns, fires, or explosions. Around 1,000 accidents involving electricity are reported to the HSE each year, with approximately 30 of these being fatal. These hazards are often invisible and can strike with little warning, making them particularly treacherous.  

 

Common Electrical Hazards in the Workplace 

• Exposed Electrical Parts: Any exposed wires, terminals, or connections pose a direct contact hazard. 

• Damaged Insulation: Frayed cords or damaged wire insulation can lead to electrocution or fires. 

• Overloaded Circuits: Drawing too much current through a circuit can cause overheating and fires. 

• Wet Conditions: Water significantly increases the risk of electrical accidents, especially with improper grounding. 

• Improper Grounding: Lack of proper grounding can lead to electric shock and equipment damage. 

• Overhead Power Lines: A major hazard in construction and outdoor work environments. 

 

Consequences of Electrical Accidents 

• Electric Shock: Can range from a mild tingling sensation to severe burns or cardiac arrest. 

• Arc Flash/Blast: This can cause severe burns, blindness, and even death. 

• Fires: Electrical faults are a leading cause of workplace fires. 

• Falls: Electric shocks can cause falls from ladders or other elevated positions. 

 

How to Reduce Electrical Risks in the Workplace? 

• Conduct thorough electrical safety inspections regularly. The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require that any electrical equipment that has the potential to cause injury is maintained in a safe condition and that PAT testing be completed. 

• Ensure all employees working with or around electrical equipment are adequately trained. 

• Provide and enforce the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 

• Keep all electrical equipment well-maintained and promptly repair any damages. 

• Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters in wet or damp locations. 

• Ensure all electrical cords and cables are properly insulated. 

• Use clear warning signs to mark electrical hazards. 

 

 

4. Chemical Hazards

Chemical hazards refer to any substance that can cause harm to human health or the environment. These can be in the form of liquids, gases, vapours, fumes, or particulate matter. 

Types of Chemical Hazards 

• Toxic substances that can cause injury or illness when absorbed, inhaled, or ingested. 

• Flammable materials which are easily ignited and can cause fires or explosions. 

• Corrosive substances that will destroy or irreversibly damage living tissue and materials on contact. 

• Reactive chemicals that can react violently when mixed with other substances or under certain conditions. 

• Asphyxiants deprive the body of oxygen. 

Common Chemical Hazards in Various Industries 

• Manufacturing: Solvents, acids, bases, heavy metals 

• Healthcare: Disinfectants, anesthetic gases, chemotherapy drugs 

• Agriculture: Pesticides, fertilisers, fumigants 

• Construction: Asbestos, silica dust, paints, adhesives 

• Offices: Cleaning products, toner, air fresheners 

 

 

5. Fire Hazards

Fire hazards are conditions or practices that increase the likelihood of a fire starting or spreading. They can exist in virtually any workplace, from offices to industrial sites. 

The Fire Triangle 

To understand fire hazards, it’s essential to know the three elements required for a fire: 

• Fuel (combustible materials) 

• Heat (ignition source) 

• Oxygen (air) 

Remove any one of these elements, and a fire cannot start or continue to burn. 

Common Fire Hazards in the Workplace 

• Electrical Issues:  

• Faulty wiring 

• Overloaded circuits 

• Damaged electrical equipment 

• Flammable and Combustible Materials:  

• Improper storage of chemicals 

• Accumulation of paper or cardboard 

• Dust buildup in industrial settings 

• Heat-Producing Equipment:  

• Machinery overheating 

• Poorly maintained heating systems 

• Unattended cooking equipment 

• Smoking Materials:  

• Improperly discarded cigarettes 

• Smoking in prohibited areas 

 

Fire Prevention Strategies 

• Regular Risk Assessments: Conduct thorough fire risk assessments to identify potential risks. 

• Proper Storage: Store flammable materials safely and away from ignition sources. 

• Electrical Safety: Regular inspections and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. 

• Good Housekeeping: Keep workspaces clean and free from unnecessary combustible materials. 

• Fire Detection Systems: Install and maintain smoke detectors and fire alarm systems. 

• Fire Suppression Equipment: Ensure appropriate fire extinguishers are available, and staff are trained to use them. 

• Emergency Planning: Develop and regularly practice fire evacuation procedures. 

• Staff Training: Provide comprehensive fire safety training to all employees. 

• No Smoking Policies: Implement and enforce strict no-smoking policies in appropriate areas. 

 

 

 

6. Psychosocial Hazards

Often overlooked, these include workplace stress, bullying, and burnout. These hazards are often related to the social and organisational contexts of work. 

Common psychosocial hazards in the workplace 

 

• Work-related stress that can include excessive workloads, tight deadlines, and high-pressure environments. 

• Bullying and harassment, including verbal abuse, intimidation, and exclusion from workplace activities. 

• Poor work-life balance such as long working hours, unpredictable shifts, and difficulty disconnecting from work. 

• Violence and aggression including physical or verbal threats from customers, clients, or colleagues. 

Impact of Psychosocial Hazards 

• Stress-related illnesses (e.g., cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders) 

• Mental health issues (e.g., anxiety, depression) 

• Burnout and exhaustion 

• Decreased job satisfaction and motivation 

How to manage and reduce psychosocial hazards 

• Regularly assess psychosocial risks using surveys, focus groups, and individual consultations. 

• Develop and communicate clear policies on bullying, harassment, and work-life balance. 

•  Provide training on stress management, mental health awareness, and resilience. 

• Encourage open dialogue about workplace concerns and provide channels for reporting issues. 

• Regular Check-ins: Conduct regular one-to-one meetings to discuss workload and well-being. 

• Promote a Positive Work Culture: Foster a culture of respect, recognition, and social support. 

 

 

7. Biological Hazards

Particularly relevant in healthcare settings, but also important in other industries, especially post-COVID. Biological hazards, or biohazards, are organic substances that pose a threat to the health of humans and other living organisms. These hazards can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microorganisms. 

H2:Health Effects of Biological Hazards 

The health effects can range from mild to severe and can include: 

• Allergic reactions 

• Skin irritation or infection 

• Respiratory issues 

• Gastrointestinal illnesses 

• Bloodborne diseases 

• Neurological effects 

• In severe cases, organ failure or death 

 

8. Manual Handling

 

Manual handling refers to any activity requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry, move, hold, or restrain an object, person, or animal. It’s not just about heavy lifting – even light loads can pose risks if handled improperly or repetitively. 

 

Common Manual Handling Risks 

• Heavy Loads: Lifting objects that are too heavy for an individual’s capability. 

• Awkward Postures: Twisting, stooping, or reaching while handling loads. 

• Repetitive Movements: Performing the same action frequently without adequate rest. 

• Environmental Factors: Poor lighting, uneven or slippery floors, confined spaces. 

• Individual Factors: Physical capability, pre-existing health conditions, lack of training. 

Health Effects of Poor Manual Handling 

Improper manual handling can lead to: 

• Back injuries (e.g., herniated discs, muscle strains) 

• Upper limb disorders (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis) 

• Neck and shoulder pain 

• Repetitive strain injuries 

• Chronic pain and reduced mobility 

 

Best Practices for Safe Manual Handling 

• Implement the Hierarchy of Control:  

• Eliminate: Can the need for manual handling be removed entirely? 

• Reduce: Can mechanical aids be used to reduce the load? 

• Adapt: Can the task be altered to reduce risk? 

• Provide Proper Training: Ensure all employees are trained in safe lifting techniques and understand the risks. 

• Use Mechanical Help: Implement the use of trolleys, hoists, or conveyor belts where possible. 

• Redesign the Workplace: Arrange storage to minimize carrying distances and awkward postures. 

• Break Down Loads: Where possible, split large loads into smaller, more manageable portions. 

• Encourage Team Lifting: For heavier loads, promote team lifting to distribute the weight. 

• Provide Adequate Rest Breaks: Allow time for recovery, especially for repetitive tasks. 

• Conduct Regular Risk Assessments: Regularly review and update manual handling risk assessments. 

 

 

Remember, what constitutes a risk in the workplace can vary depending on the specific industry and work environment. It’s essential to tailor your health and safety approach to your unique workplace needs. 

Improve Health and Safety in Your Workplace 

Understanding and addressing common health and safety hazards is crucial for creating a safe work environment. By being proactive in identifying and mitigating these risks, we can significantly reduce workplace accidents and illnesses. 

Remember, health and safety is not just about compliance – it’s about creating a culture where everyone takes responsibility for their own safety and the safety of those around them. At CQMS, we’re dedicated to helping you build this culture and ensure the well-being of your workforce.